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The Sharda River (Hindi: , ) or Mahakali River (Nepali: , ) is also called Kali Gad (Hindi: काली गाड, ''kālī gāD'') or Kali Ganga in Uttarakhand where the river demarcates Nepal's western border with India. This boundary was established by the 1816 Sugauli treaty. The name is sometimes written "Sarda". The river descends from at Kalapani to as it enters the Terai plains, offering an unrealized potential for hydroelectric power generation. The river is also proposed as source for one of the many projects in the Himalayan component of the Indian Rivers Inter-link project.〔(Himalayan Component Link Proposal ) NWDA, Govt of India (Accessed: June 2014)〕 Below the Nepal-Uttarakhand border the river enters Uttar Pradesh state and flows southeast across the plains to join the Ghagra river, a tributary of the Ganges. ==Course== The traditional source of the (Maha)Kali is LipmpiyaDhura in Pithoragarh District Uttarakhand, India at 30º13'N, 80º55'E, elevation. The geographic sources, however, are some five kilometers further north and some thousand metres higher: streams emerging from glaciers along the watershed with the uppermost ''Humla Karnali''. India's border with China's Tibet Autonomous Region follows this watershed. Below Kalapani the river has been Nepal's western border with India since the Sugauli Treaty concluding the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16. The Kali receives the right-bank (R) Dhauliganga—not to be confused with the Alaknanda tributary—at ''Tawaghat'' (29º57'N, 80º36'E). It passes a town Dharchula (R) and receives the Gori Ganga at Jauljibi (R), exiting the high mountains that reach into the alpine zone. At 29º36'N, 80º24'E the first important left-bank (L) tributary from Nepal, the ''Chameliya'' joins after flowing southwest from Nepal's Gurans Himal (including Api). A bazaar town Jhulaghat (29º34', 80º21') is on both sides of the river. Then the Kali receives the ''Sarju River'' (R) at 29º27'N, 80º15'E. The area around ''Pancheshwar'' (R) is called ''Kali Kumaon''. The Kali exits the Hill Region at Jogbudha Valley and receives two tributaries: ''Ladhiya'' (R) at 29º12'N, 80º14'E and ''Ramgun'' (L) at 29º9'N, 80º16'E. Then it enters the lower Siwalik Hills. Tanakpur (R) town is just above Dam of Sharda Reservoir at 29º3"N, 80º7"E where water is diverted into an irrigation canal. The river exits the last hills into the Terai plains, passing towns Banbasa (R) and Mahendranagar (Bhim Datta) (L). At 29º0'N, 80º7'E the Iran-Indonesia AH2 Asian highway route crosses as Nepal's east-west Mahendra Highway connects with India's National Highway 125. The international border then turns west of the river to follow a previous channel for some 10 km. Here the river leaves Uttarakhand and crosses into Uttar Pradesh. Then the international border bends east, recrossing and leaving the river after following it for . Now the river's name changes to ''Sharda''. It flows southeast another inside Uttar Pradesh to join the Ghaghra (Karnali) as a right-bank tributary at 27º39'N, 81º17'E, some 30 km. NNW of Bahraich.〔India’s Water Wealth, Dr. K.L.Rao, Published by Orient Longmann Ltd, New Delhi 110002.〕〔(Indo-Nepal Water Resource Negotiation: Deepening Divide over Border Project ) – Rakesh Tiwary, South Asia Journal, January – March 2006.〕〔Design and Construction of selected Barrages in India (1981), Publication number 149, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi.〕〔Barrages in India (1981), Publication number 148, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sharda River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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